Self Analysis Based on Banduras Theory free essay sample

The way we think, how we treat people, how we talk, how we perceive others, etc. are very important for us. That means it’s the aspects that our parents or environment teaches/nurtures us. Self-introspection is very important for us. Especially for psychology students, because if we don’t know about who we are, how can we understand others. In this theory Bandura wants us to express our own thoughts about ourselves. We are expected to control ourselves from anything that we have to face. In order to control ourselves, we need to have our own standpoint and stay committed to it. We can’t let anyone bother or affect us in any way. II. SELF ANALYSIS LEARNING Bandura believes that people learn through observing others and by attending to the consequences of their own actions. Although he believes that reinforcement aids learning, he contends that people can learn in the absence of reinforcement and even of a response. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Analysis Based on Banduras Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are two types of learning, observational learning and enactive learning. Observational learning means that we learn from modeling others. For kids, mainly parents, teachers, caregiver, or anyone who’s close to the child. I know that it is impossible that I’m the only one who gone through this phase of learning, every child must’ve copied acts of others based on what they see. When I was 2 years old, I was going somewhere together with my parents. Suddenly a car passes through and cut our lane, then I yelled, â€Å"ape lo? (what do you want? )† to that car. My parents were shocked and laughed about it. That shows that I modeled what they usually do without even realizing that those acts can really do affect children. Modeling does not always occur while we were still young; it is attached to our self. We tend to model people who has higher position than us and people who got positive feedbacks on what they just did. Bandura recognized four processes that govern observational learning, which are attention, representation, behavioral reproduction, and motivation. I took ballet for 9 years since I was 3 years old. For dancing, the most important aspect that we need to do is pay attention to the teacher so that we can represent the dance step by memorizing them. After we perceive and memorize the dance step, we will try to reproduce them by practicing the dance steps that we’ve learned. The last thing is our own motivation whether we are motivated because we got positive feedbacks or not because of negative feedbacks. But we still can keep on trying and practicing in order to get the positive feedbacks. Enactive learning is the same as operant conditioning, which means that we receive consequences on anything that we do. We will get reward if we do something that’s good or right. But in contrast, we will be punished if we do something bad or wrong. There are positive and negative aspects of both reinforcement and punishment. Cognitively anyone don’t want to be punished, that’s why people tend not to repeat their mistakes and try to get more reward by doing the right things. Throughout my life as my parents’ child, I got reinforced and punished a lot. Negative reinforcement means removing pain or anything uncomfortable so that we can feel better. Me taking a medicine when I got ill means that I got negative reinforcement, whereas positive reinforcement means that we receive something for our pleasure. This happens quite a lot too, whenever I achieve something my parents tend to give me something that I want as a reward. When I do something wrong, I’ll get punished for sure. Negative punishment means that my pleasure have been revoked from me. Up until now when I got bad score or come home late, I will get grounded. My parents will take my phone away and I’m not allowed to go anywhere with my friends for some time. And for positive punishment, it’s an act that cause us feel uncomfortable. I rarely got positive punishment, but I got my things thrown into me by my mom. It’s because I spend too much on Japanese CDs, DVDs, goods, magazines, etc. and charged it to my credit card. My mom told me to reduce my spending on those things, but I keep on doing it. In the end my mom got really mad and threw those things towards me. Since then I stop spending my money on those merchants. TRIADIC RECIPROCAL CAUSATION Social cognitive theory holds that human functioning is molded by the reciprocal interaction of behavior, personal factors, including cognition, and environmental events—a model Bandura calls triadic reciprocal causation. In differential contributions, Bandura does not suggest that the three factors in the triadic reciprocal causation model make equal contributions to behavior. The relative influence of behavior, environment, and person depends on which factor is strongest at any particular moment. And in chance encounters and fortuitous events, the lives of many people have been fundamentally changed by a chance meeting with another person or by a fortuitous, unexpected event. Chance encounters and fortuitous events enter the triadic reciprocal causation paradigm at the environment point, after which they influence behavior in much the same way as do planned events. I do believe there is fate. Especially when we’re talking about friendship. So, it was back in junior high school. I was a big fan of a Japanese boyband called NEWS, there was an international forum for the fans from all over the world. And in the Indonesian topic room, I met some Indonesian who lives all over Indonesia and some abroad. Then I met my friend. She was in the same age as mine and lives in Jakarta too. We have so much in common. Until one day we decided to meet up, and we did. It was so fun. We could talk anything with each other even outside the topic of the Japanese boyband. We did nearly lost contact, but eventually we did still keep in touch. Then she lost interest in that Japanese boyband, but we remained friends. She’s now one of my best friends. From all of the odds I found one of my best friend through the internet. It’s indeed funny and silly, even our friends consider our meeting as geeky and odd. We even still laugh at how we met. But when you are fated to meet or know that person, it will happen. HUMAN AGENCY CORE FEATURES OF HUMAN AGENCY According to Bandura, human agency is the essence of humanness; that is, humans are defined by their ability to organize, regulate, and enact behaviors that they believe will produce desirable consequences. Human has 4 core features, which are intentionally, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness. Intentionally literally means that we have the intention or plan that includes action to produce the result that we want. I planned on going abroad for college back when I was still in junior high school, that’s why I intentionally enrolled to an international high school. But when I dad changed his mind that I can’t go abroad for college, I altered my plan to enroll to UI International Program. I still want to study abroad. Then at first my dad won’t approve, and in contrast my mom told me to go for it. When my dad told me to take the SNMPTN and SIMAK exam I deliberately failed on those exam so that I could enter the international class. Because I know how much my dad wants me to be in this university and I explained to him about how mature that I’d be to leave this country and study abroad. Forethought is our ability to set goals and selecting the behavior that will produce the outcomes that we desire and avoid things that we don’t want it to happen. I planned on going to graduate school right after I finish my undergraduate studies. That was my plan since I decided to take psychology back when I was still in junior high school. I have the will to achieve this goal of mine. That’s why I will still keep on studying so that I can get in to graduate school as I planned before and I wont let anyone disturb my goal or even let myself distracted. I will to achieve my ultimate goal and be a successful consultant. Self-reactiveness is the process of motivating and regulating our own actions to fulfill our choices that we’ve made. In order to achieve my goal on being a successful psychologist/consultant I have to keep on studying and achieving good grades so that there won’t be any difficulty when it’s time to enroll myself to a graduate school. I have to keep focusing on my goal and not letting anyone or anything interfere with it. Although right now my grades are not satisfying, I still have to keep up with it and try to fix my scores. I still have to be motivated because being here was my own choice since the beginning. I have to be committed to myself. Self-reflectiveness allows us to think about and evaluate our motives, values, and life goals. By evaluating myself, I find that I’ve achieved almost every goal that I’ve made. I’m glad with it, but there are still a couple of goals that I have to achieve. I still have to improve my academic achievement. All these years I passed my courses with only average scores. I underestimated my scores; I always thought that as long as I pass it’s okay. But in fact I have to be able to achieve more. I feel that I’m too less motivated, I feel satisfied with my average score. The only thing that makes me worry is when I fail or got less than average score even though I know that it’s my own fault. I have to improve my point of view and hopefully achieve higher scores. SELF-EFFICACY How people behave in a particular situation depends in part on their self-efficacy, that is, their beliefs that they can or cannot exercise those behaviors necessary to bring about a desired consequence. Self-efficacy combines with environmental variables, previous behaviors, and other personal variables to predict behavior. It is acquired, enhanced, or decreased by any one or combination of four sources: mastery experiences, social modeling, social persuasion, and physical and emotional states. Mastery experience is the most important factor on determining our self-efficacy. It basically success raises self-efficacy and failure lowers it. I’m good at baking, when I bake people tend to enjoy what I’ve made. Whenever I got good feedbacks from people who eat my baking I feel satisfied and happy. I conclude myself as pretty good in the kitchen. But someday I tried cooking main course dishes instead of desserts, it came out not as I expected. I expect it to came out great because I handle things in the kitchen well. I had too high expectancy. That’s why since then I never cook any main course dishes. Social modeling is the experience when we see someone succeeding, our self-efficacy increases and when we see them failing, it decreases. Whenever I see someone succeeding in something, I will think that I can do it as well. When my older brother bought a Mercedes using his own money, I really think that why can’t I do that too. He finished his graduate school when he was 24 years old, and by 28 he could afford his own car. That’s why I want to be like him. I know that working is not easy, but it’ll be worth it. In contrast, when I see someone failing on a particular matter, I tend to avoid it. I don’t want the same failure to happen to me. Social persuasion basically means the encouragement or discouragement that we receive from others. Where encouragement will increase self-efficacy, and discouragement will lower it. I took ballet for 9 years, which means I was already enrolled in the advance class. There are a couple of difficult and complex routine. For example doing a triple/quadruple pirouette or a grand jete or any other complex routine. Whenever I tell my self that I can’t do it, I really can’t complete the routine. But when I got encourage by my teacher, I can do it. Physical and emotional states happen in a stressful situation, such as fear or anxiety and usually lower self-efficacy. Whereas in a contrast situation, it will increase our self-efficacy. This happens to me whenever I feel nervous at something. When I have to present a presentation in front of the class but I don’t feel well or I don’t really master the topic I will tremble and ended up messing up my presentation. The outcome will be very bad. But when I feel comfortable and confident, the presentation that I’m doing will turn out great. PROXY AGENCY Bandura recognize that the influence of proxy agency through which people exercise some partial control over everyday living. People nowadays have to rely on the proxies or else our life will be unproductive because we have to do all unnecessary things by ourselves. We rely on people who are specialized at their jobs. We rely on our parents to take care of us, rely on our housekeeper to clean up our house, we even rely on the internet for finishing our assignments or just stay in contact with our friends. All of them/it helps us to complete tasks easier, but the negative impact is when we rely on them too much, without them we can’t complete those tasks by ourselves. We’ll be too dependable. COLLECTIVE EFFICACY Collective efficacy is the level of confidence that people have that their combined efforts will produce social change. At least four factors can lower collective efficacy. First, events in other parts of the world can leave people with a sense of helplessness; second, complex technology can decrease peoples perceptions of control over their environment; third, entrenched bureaucracies discourage people from attempting to bring about social change; and fourth, the size and scope of worldwide problems contribute to peoples sense of powerlessness. SELF-REGULATION Humans can manipulate their environments and produce consequence of their own actions by giving them some ability to regulate their own behavior. Bandura believes that behavior stems from a reciprocal influence of external and internal factors. External factors affect self-regulation by providing people with standards for evaluating their own behavior. There are 2 factors that contribute to external self-regulation, they are standards of evaluation and external reinforcement. Environment is the most common external factor of self-regulation. My family and friends are the ones who affected me the most. I evaluate myself right after my family or friends commented something about me. Whether it’s a reprimand or complement, I’ll always re-evaluate myself what have I done, how can I keep up or change what’s wrong and become better. Internal factors there are 3 factors contributing to this matter. Which are self-regulation, judgmental process, and self-reaction. All of those factors came from inside us, our own self-introspection on our acts and behaviors. I tend to observe myself right after I do something, whether I did it correctly or not. I think about anything that bothers my mind, I even regret when I know I did something wrong towards something or someone. Once I said something wrong to my friends and I know that they were offended. I wasn’t thinking what I was saying and I just realize right after that. I feel very bad and feel like I’m such a bad person on what I’ve done. I regret it and wishing that I could take back what I’ve just said to them. Up until now, I still feel guilty towards them although they’ve forgiven me. We have our own standards on how we evaluate or judge our performance. Every person has different threshold. For me myself, I don’t want to compare myself with others. I just want to be me. I don’t want to be influenced by others. I’d accept when people tell me to change my bad habits. But if people are trying to change me, I wont accept that. DYSFUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR Dysfunction behavior is learned through the mutual interaction of the person (including cognitive and neurophysiological processes), the environment (including interpersonal relations), and behavioral factors (especially previous experiences with reinforcement). Such as depression, phobias, and aggression. These dysfunctional behaviors can be treated by a regular therapy treatment. In my whole life, I’ve never had any dysfunctional behavior. I don’t have any specific phobias. Of course I’m disgusted by reptiles or insects but I don’t have any significant phobias towards them. I’m not a cold-headed person, I can get angry easily but I don’t imply an extreme aggression. The most aggressive thing that I’ve done is throwing things when I got really mad. But I don’t throw the things towards people but mostly doors or walls or anything that I can at least ease up my mind a bit. III. CONCLUSION After comprehending Bandura’s theory, I can conclude that he wants us to know more about ourselves and wants us to be ourselves, by not letting anyone interfere on what we believe in. Although we still have to consider what people think about us, we have to accept our flaws and try to improve ourselves. We have to be independent in some way so that we wont be dependent on one thing or another. We could achieve what we want to do by ourselves. Not forgetting that we still have to stay motivated on what we are doing and what we want to achieve. We can’t give up or just get distracted that could jeopardize our future goals. In order to still be motivated, we have to find ways so that we could still be interested and still determined to reach our goal. By looking at people who’ve reached their goals and be our role model, we could still be motivated. We have to have the will from inside ourselves to be able to reach our goal and for external factors such as family and friends that are always there for you and keep supporting you until you reach your goals.

Leadership essay

Leadership essay Leadership essay Leadership essayThere are many approaches to the definition to the role of leader and leadership. Typically, leader is a person in a group, who has gained credibility and influence on the team (Wortman 2012). Any kind of company needs a leader. According to experts, the competitiveness of organizations depends on its ability to effectively form a team of specialists. Business needs a leader who can manage teams of professionals and motivate them.There is formal and informal leadership. In formal leadership, process of influencing is carried from a position, and in the informal a process of influencing is done by personal abilities and skills. Leader is defined by a set of characteristics that affect the efficiency of management of other people, but there are some of the most important among them. These are ambition, drive, perseverance, confidence, psychological openness, realism and a thirst for knowledge. American expert on leadership Warren Bennis, in one of his works argues that successful leaders must be able to creatively adapt to the environment, attract others to form a general opinion about what is happening, have expressive voice and be a whole person (Varelas 2013). American expert on leadership John Maxwell believes that a true leader must have 21 mandatory qualities. First, a leader must be solid as a rock, a fix for a leader is a turning point, he has two options to show the character or compromise. If the leader shows unstable character, followers stop trusting him. Second, the leader must have charisma the ability to attract people. To turn into a charismatic person, according to John Maxwell, one should love life, give people hope, share himself and his advantages (Maguire 2012). The expert notes that people go for those leaders who are committed to their business, it is the third quality. The fourth quality is leader’s ability to communicate: effective leaders always need to develop first-class communication skills. The fifth quality is the competence that goes far beyond words. It is the leaders ability to formulate and plan what he needs, so that the others understand. Next quality is courage, which is inherent to a leader and inspires his followers. Another important quality is insight the ability to find a solution to the existing problem. Eighth quality is focus, where the main place is occupied by priorities and concentration. Next quality is generosity, which, in his opinion, is most convincing for followers. Tenth quality is initiative, we should remember that success is linked to concrete actions. Eleventh is listening, a leader must be able to hear what supporters tell him, and not what he wanted to hear. Also true leader should possess positive attitude and ability to solve problems. According to the theory of John Maxwell, a leader must be able to get along with people and be responsible, to be sure, self-disciplined, self-learning capable and willing to serve others. The 21st quality is long-term vision, which is of great important to a real leader (Geisler 2012). Generalizing different classifications, we can confidently assert that a good leader should possess exemplary character. It is important that people should trust their leader in order to trust him. A leader must be reliable and known for his honest life. Only such a leader has the right to take responsibility for others.Corporate governance is the system of interaction between shareholders and management of the company. The subject of corporate governance is to control the commission of corporate actions. The main objective of corporate governance is to find an optimal balance of distribution of rights and responsibilities between all participants of corporate relations shareholders, board members, members of executive body, audit commission, etc. (Hays 2012). The need for corporate governance stems from the fact that business as the property belongs to investors, and management rights are assigned to the board of directors and management. Shareholders meeting may decide on the reorganization, mergers, securities, main executive bodies, major transactions, internal documents and disclosure of company information. Corporate governance mechanisms are designed to provide the board of directors responsible to the shareholders. Corporate governance is focused on the fact that all groups and institutions perform their functions well while maintaining a balance of interests between them. The structure of corporate governance should provide: protection of the rights of shareholders, equitable treatment, recognition of statutory rights of stakeholders, timely and accurate disclosure of all material matters relating to the corporation (Eisenhower 2012). Corporate governance is based on the principles of fairness, honesty, responsibility, transparency, professionalism and competence. An effective system of corporate governance involves respect for the rights and interests of all participants of corpora te relations and contributes to the success of society.Corporate social responsibility in the broad sense, is the impact of business on society. Corporate social responsibility means achieving commercial success in ways that value the ethical principles and respects people, communities and the environment. The practice of CSR is subject to much controversy. Some argue that it has a strong economic rationale; critics argue that it takes away from the fundamental economic role of businesses (Shelton 2012). In a market economy, success of business depends on various circumstances, including the prevailing market conditions. Experts believe that those companies that have been at a time more successful than others, must understand that in order to maintain a certain balance and stability in society, they need to exercise corporate social responsibility to society.The importance of effective business leader is sufficiently large: he defines the dynamics of development and success of the b usiness, charges employees with energy and stimulates their activity. Effective leader defines and formulates strategic priorities and objectives of the organization, selects the data, analyzes trends and interdependence.

How To Use Si, the Word for If in Spanish

How To Use Si, the Word for If in Spanish Usually, if and its Spanish equivalent, si, are used to form what are known as conditional sentences. Although the rules of Spanish grammar for conditional sentences can get complex, in the vast majority of cases the main thing you need to know is which verb tense to use after si. Verb Tense in Spanish If Sentences The first thing is to remember that except in very rare cases, si is never followed by a verb in the present-tense subjunctive mood. That said, there are basically two types of si clauses that become part of a sentence: Sentences in which the condition is likely or reasonably likely. This is known grammatically as an open condition. For example, in the clause si llueve (if it rains), rain is seen as a distinct possibility.Sentences in which the condition is contrary to fact or is unlikely. For example, the clause si lloviera can be translated as if it were to rain. Note the difference in meaning from the example above; in this case, while rain is a possibility, it is seen as unlikely. An example of a contrary-to-fact condition is a clause such as si yo fuera rico, if I were rich. Grammatically, contrary-to-fact and unlikely conditions are treated the same way. The correct verb tense following si can be observed in the above examples. In open conditions, conditions where the possibility is reasonably likely, si is followed by the present indicative tense (the most common tense, probably the first one you learned as a Spanish student). If the condition is unlikely or false, a past subjunctive (usually the imperfect subjunctive) is used. This is the case even when the condition is something that refers to the present. In Spanish, as in English, the si clause can either precede or follow the rest of the sentence. Thus a sentence such as si llueve voy de compras (if it rains Im going shopping) is the equivalent of voy de compras si llueve (Im going shopping if it rains). Sample Sentences Using Si Here are some examples of open conditions: Si tengo dinero, me irà © de viaje. (If I have money, Ill go on a trip. The fact of having money is seen as reasonably likely.)Si la casa es usada, le aconsejamos que un profesional la inspeccione. (If the house is used, we advise that you have a professional inspect it. A sentence like this might be used in giving advice, where the condition here is seen as a real possibility.)Si lo quieres,  ¡pà ­delo! (If you want it, ask for it!)Van a salir si el presidente y los otros ladrones ganan las elecciones. (They are going to leave if the president and the other thieves win the elections.)Si sales, salgo tambià ©n. (If you leave, Im leaving too.)Si gana Sam, voy a llorar. (If Sam wins, Ill cry.) Here are some examples of unlikely or contrary-to-fact conditions: Si yo fuera tà º, tomarà ­a una responsabilidad propia. (If I were you, I would take appropriate responsibility. There is no possibility that I will become you.)Si yo tuviera dinero, irà ­a al cine. (If I had the money, I would go to the movies. The speaker is saying she doesnt have the money. If the present tense were used, si tengo dinero, she would be saying there is a reasonable likelihood of having money.)Mi hermana irà ­a muchas veces a la playa si supiera nadar. (My sister would go to the beach often if she knew how to swim.)Si ella hubiera tenido dinero, habrà ­a ido al cine. (If she had had the money, she would have gone to the movies.)Si ganara Sam, llorarà ­a. (If Sam were to win, Id cry.) A Quick Note About Writing The word si should not be confused with sà ­, a common word of affirmation, often translated as yes. The latter word is always spelled with a written or orthographic accent to distinguish the two, although they are pronounced identically. Key Takeaways When si (meaning if) is followed by a verb, the verb is in the present indicative if the condition stated is true or probable.When si is followed by a verb, the verb is in a past subjunctive if the condition stated is false or improbable.The past subjunctive is used for improbabilities even if the condition stated is one that applies to the present time.

Can babies with exclusive breastfeeding for first few months of their Essay

Can babies with exclusive breastfeeding for first few months of their life verses formula fed babies have reduced rate of overeating and obesity later in their life - Essay Example (2007) investigated 35,526 mothers who were mailed questionnaires between 1989 and 2001 who would give the shape of bodies of the study infants at 5 and 10 and their weights at 18 in relation to their heights. According to these researchers, a body mass index, BMI of 25kg/m2 or greater is prove of overweight while that of 30kg/m2 is prove of obesity. Those breastfed for at least six months had 0.94 probability of obesity. Such infants would have leaner bodies at 5 as opposed to those breastfed for less than a week. This association was inconsistent in adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, this study found that breastfed women were leaner than formula fed women in their early years but the results were inconsistent in adulthood. Childhood obesity increases the risk of obesity in adulthood hence the direct correlation with breastfeeding. Breastfeeding for the recommended period should hence be observed. The findings of this study resemble previous studies by other researchers on the direct relationship between breastfeeding and obesity in later lives of infants. The shortcoming of the study was in neglecting other factors such as genetic, multi-factorial or behavioural factors or a result of sedentary lifestyle. It only acknowledged the influence of secular trends on infant feeding. The study was carried on women only hence its failure to prove the consistency of the results on men. Therefore, breastfeeding helps avert obesity in later life of an infant as compared to use of formula-feeding. However, beyond adolescence, there is no significant difference that could be pointed in weight between those who breastfed and formula-fed. Hence, the recommendation for one-year breastfeeding for infants during their early years should be upheld. Michels, K. B., Willet, W. C., Graubard, B. I., Vaidya, R. L., Cantwell, M. M., Sansbury, L. B., & Forman, M. R. (2007). A Longitudinal Study of Infant Feeding and Obesity Throughout Life Course. International Journal of Obesity.

Cause and Effect of the Dread's Scott Decision Research Paper

Cause and Effect of the Dread's Scott Decision - Research Paper Example Set against the economic, social and political background of the mid-19th century, the decision was a landmark for initiating the struggle which ended in the abolition of slavery, the end of industries which relied on black labor, and the era of political struggles which aimed to put the black man at equal terms with white American citizens in the spirit of â€Å"equality, liberty and brotherhood† in the motto of the French Revolution, â€Å"Libertà ©, Égalità ©, Fraternità ©.† According to David Potter, â€Å"The main explanation for the origins of the American Civil War is slavery, especially Southern anger at the attempts by Northern antislavery political forces to block the expansion of slavery into the western territories. States rights and the tariff issue became entangled in the slavery issue and were intensified by it (42). It pitted the southern states who came earlier from early Spanish colonizers who advocated slavery and the settlers from Europe in t he northern states exemplified by the Quakers, who were against it. As the discovery and use of new technology gave rise to the Industrial Revolution of the 18th to the 19th century, major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transportation impacted on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in Europe, spread to North America, and the world. Its influence left an indelible mark in human history; most notably, in average income and population which exhibited unprecedented sustained growth. In the two centuries following 1800, the average of the world per capita income increased over 10-fold, while the population of the world increased over 6-fold (Madison 257). During this period America was transformed from a primitive agricultural economy to the foremost industrial power in the world, contributing to more than a third of the global industrial  output.

Strategic Management Process Paper Essay Example for Free

Strategic Management Process Paper Essay The strategic management process consists of four major components; they are environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and evaluation and control. They each are broken down into their specific roles within the strategic management process. The Environmental Scanning is the monitoring, evaluating, and disseminating of information from the external and internal environments to key people within the corporation. An easy way to use this component would be SWOT, this acronym stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats and it shows the strategic factors for each individual company. The next component of the process is the Strategy Formula and that is the development of long-range plans for the effective management of the environment opportunities and treats, in light of corporate strengths and weaknesses, this process also relay’s on the SWOT process. This process helps define the corporate mission, helps specifies achievable objectives, helps develop strategies and helps setting policy guidelines. Strategies Implementation is the process of which strategies and polices are put into action through the development of programs, budgets, and procedures. This process can cause changes to happen within a company such as, overall culture, structure, and management system of the entire organization. When a corporate wide change is needed the implementation of strategy will be conducted by the middle and lower level management, and then the higher management team would review those changes. This can be called operational planning as well and that would implement day to day changes. The last process of the strategic management process is evaluation and control; this is the process which corporate activities and performance results are monitored so that the performance that is happening now can be compare to what is expected. This would apply to managers on all levels and  they use this information to take corrective action and resolve any problems. This part of the process can also pinpoint weaknesses in previous implemented strategic plans and can cause the process to start all over again (Wheelen Hunger, 2010). Strategic management is important for many reasons. First of all these processes help leaders to implement the vision and mission of the company, and what goals are needed to get the company where it wants to go. Typically created by the owner or top management in a company, the strategic management plan offers direction and guidance to the employees, sets up measurable goals and time lines and designates duties of all personnel. Marketing and sales projections are included in the strategic plan as well as plans to review the achievements of each department (Ray, 2012, p.1). BMW Strategic Process BMW is a German automobile and motorcycle manufacturer. BMW automobiles are considered luxury vehicles with endless amounts of options and expensive price tags. The company, which was at one time was severely struggling financially is extremely successful. The organization continues to sell more care almost every year, created strong brand recognition, and a loyal customer following. BMW created what they call corporate Strategy Number One; this includes plans for the future, survey results, and performance evaluations. The purpose of the strategy is to pursue the vision of being the leading provider of premium products and premium services for individual mobility (BMW Group†, n.d.). The strategy continues to describe the objective and how BMW plans to reach those objectives. To clarify the organization included the results from surveys distributed to stockholders and employees. The challenges the company faces were also clearly laid out, along with previous achievements. Conclusion After examining all the necessary elements to a strategic management process one can understand why each is necessary to achieve success. The elements work together and when done properly do so with little effort. However, to deflect any challenges from competition the elements need examining frequently to see if changes are necessary. BMW provides an excellent  example of an organization with solid strategic management. The organization has clear-cut processes and evaluates current process and is looking to the future. References: Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2010). Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy Achieving Sustainability (12th ed.). Retrieved on September 15, 2014 from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Ray, L. (2012). Strategic Management Process, eHow Contributor. Retrieved September 15, 2014 from http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4964358_strategic-management-process.html BMW Group. (n.d.). Retrieved on September 15, 2014 from http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/verantwortung/publikationen/sustainable_value_report_2008/_pdf/SVR_2008_engl_Kapitel_1.pdf

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Most startups that raise money do it more than once. A typical trajectory might be (1) to get started with a few tens of thousands from something like Y Combinator or individual angels, then (2) raise a few hundred thousand to a few million to build the company, and then (3) once the company is clearly succeeding, raise one or more later rounds to accelerate growth. Reality can be messier. Some companies raise money twice in phase 2. Others skip phase 1 and go straight to phase 2. And at Y Combinator we get an increasing number of companies that have already raised amounts in the hundreds of thousands. But the three phase path is at least the one about which individual startups' paths oscillate. This essay focuses on phase 2 fundraising. That's the type the startups we fund are doing on Demo Day, and this essay is the advice we give them. Forces Fundraising is hard in both senses: hard like lifting a heavy weight, and hard like solving a puzzle. It's hard like lifting a weight because it's intrinsically hard to convince people to part with large sums of money. That problem is irreducible; it should be hard. But much of the other kind of difficulty can be eliminated. Fundraising only seems a puzzle because it's an alien world to most founders, and I hope to fix that by supplying a map through it. To founders, the behavior of investors is often opaque—partly because their motivations are obscure, but partly because they deliberately mislead you. And the misleading ways of investors combine horribly with the wishful thinking of inexperienced founders. At YC we're always warning founders about this danger, and investors are probably more circumspect with YC startups than with other companies they talk to, and even so we witness a... ... the way their sites are organized that they don't really want startups to approach them directly. Intros vary greatly in effectiveness. The best type of intro is from a well-known investor who has just invested in you. So when you get an investor to commit, ask them to introduce you to other investors they respect. [7] The next best type of intro is from a founder of a company they've funded. You can also get intros from other people in the startup community, like lawyers and reporters. There are now sites like AngelList, FundersClub, and WeFunder that can introduce you to investors. We recommend startups treat them as auxiliary sources of money. Raise money first from leads you get yourself. Those will on average be better investors. Plus you'll have an easier time raising money on these sites once you can say you've already raised some from well-known investors.

Intro to Ethical Hacking: Ocean’s 11 show Essay

Ocean 11 , perhaps one of the most successful films of all time in bringing together several of the biggest names in the movie business was never really expected to have such a cult following . In the 1960s this heist film was created by Lewis Milestone with the goal of featuring the original rat packers , Frank Sinatra , Dean Martin , Sammy Davis Jr , Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford . During this time , it was never expected that this would be such a success in its later years yet in a 2001 remake of the film , it opened up the franchise to a whole host of opportunities by again featuring some of the biggest names in the business such as George Clooney , Brad Pitt and Julia Roberts. The 1960 ‘s Ocean ‘s eleven movie was based on a series of thefts of Casinos along the Las Vegas strip by a number of World War II veterans which was originally based on a story that was heard from a gas station attendant by Gilbert Kay (Levy 1998 . The basic premise of the movie is the New Year ‘s Eve heist which is planned by the group . The success is virtually ensured as no group as highly trained has ever attempted to commit such a heist . The plan is to blow up the tower to create a diversion and under the cover of darkness , steal the money from the cashier ‘s cages and then load them into garbage bins. Ocean’s 11 shows how elaborate internal control systems can turn out to be. For luxurious 5-star Casinos, making sure no smart-aleck can cheat in a game is already a huge deal but safeguarding of valuable assets is top priority. It is hard to emphasize how Casinos need to have significant amounts of cash reserves in their in house coffers. And this fact is not unknown to the public, more so to schemers. And just like banks and financial institutions, it is imperative for Casinos to invest in a control system that would stop these burglars. No matter how hard an organization strives to protect its assets, the possibility of theft continues to exist. Even a strong internal control is not an absolute deterrent to fraud and crime. There are cunning minds who will stop at nothing to get what they want. Ocean’s Eleven has a happy ending for its criminal protagonists. In real life, though, fraud and theft have led to the sad endings of many companies, such as Enron. Now, more than ever, it has become increasingly important to have a company strategy that highly integrates internal control, and a deep ethical foundation. Without this, a company’s management could be the perpetrator. Effective internal control should be supported by a control environment that promotes ethical decisions. As accountants, we must firmly uphold the ethical standards of our profession, despite the pressures and temptations that we may encounter.

Gender, Culture and the Media Essay

Media, in the context required, is a term used to define an interactive transmission that is visualized and then especially designed to reach a large audience, for e. g. a whole nation. These audiences, however, are very different from one another, depending on their culture and gender identities. The variance in culture and sexual identities, have an obvious impact on media which is why there is a dire need for exploring the relationship between the two. The most important tool in exploring and understanding the relationship between media and culture is communication. This is because communication plays a very effective role in the manner through which interaction is carried out with the masses (Gaunlett, 2002). For this purpose, extreme emphasis is given to the cultural differences that may occur. Such is the case of international campaigns or chains of restaurants; whenever they want to promote any product, they have to consider the differences, and keeping these differences in mind, they alter their product accordingly for e. g. , McDonalds in India, do not usually serve their people beef burgers as cow is sacred to them. Likewise, Indian people can relate more to it than others who are just viewing this product on an Indian channel. On this note, I would like to add that it is also a TV channel’s responsibility to be aware of the ethics with regard to culture. Although, media is known to show us situation and relationships from other people’s point-of-view, the impact is originated from a certain culture or social class, for that matter. However, it has been changing from time to time with the global development. So, we can say that the relationship between media and gender today, is different from how it was years ago. The reason is because people’s thought have changed in the passing years, the role models have changed and the attitudes of people have changed, which without doubt influences media. It is for these contemporary audiences that the media has to alter whatever it promotes, in the manner that is much acceptable to them. The rest is mere perception on the audience’s part. Talking about the perception of various people and how they interact with things like talk shows, MTV, the Internet, soap operas, television sitcoms, dramatic series etc. , it is very likely to notice that the people interact with the media on the basis of their culture and gender identities (Dines, 2008). An example is that of Lorillard’s Newport cigarettes, introduced in 1957, which after its struggle period in the early stages of introduction, became very popular with the African American crowd. Another comment on the same example is that Newport cigarettes contain menthol, which is supposed to be associated with women mostly. Relating this with media, the advertisements for this brand also focused on African American people in the beginning, as they had identified them as their target market. With the change in society and changing views of people, Newport gained its market recognition and broadened their target market and today it owns a most coveted place in the tobacco industry. In the society that we live in today, people dedicate a lot of time to television, magazines, surfing the net, and other publications. As a result, it is very inevitable to say that they come across culture and advertising almost everyday. Among these people, a large segment belongs to the younger generation, who are particularly sensitive and relatively effected much easily by the same. Childhood culture is an inter-textual universe which connects TV programs to movies, videogames, toys, T-shirts, shoes, games, crayons, coloring books, bed linens and towels, pencil cases, lunch boxes etc. This is where the impact part comes into play, which media has on children and that which the children have on the media (Geertz, 1977). One of the greatest impacts of the above stated example on media is that when a television program (for kids) is produced, a lot of things have to be taken into consideration. Not too much violence, abusive language or false imagery should be used. As far as sexual identity is concerned, men and women have different views, likes and dislikes, regarding different things. Women are more likely to read magazines like Gourmet, Culinary Trends, Bon Appetite, Food and Wine etc. Lately, men have also developed a similar trend in reading magazines but there choices are those like Extreme Sports, Chicago Sports, and Sports Illustration etc. Another aspect is that of men leading the global scene. When it comes to voiceovers, men dominate, regardless of the product. Men continue to work in their late ages on screen whereas women tend to disappear in their late thirties. Facial lines and grey hair are considered to be signs of maturity in males, while the same would pronounce females ‘old’ and not fit for TV (Buikema, 2009). On the other hand, it is also reported to have said that with the developing sense of equality with regard to sexes, the Times magazine cover wondered if feminism was dead in June 1998. To sum up, the media shows us situations and relationships from other people’s point-of-view and we begin to think that we can now see ‘how the world works’, in lives other than our own. Soap-operas showing how neighbors, friends and lovers interact with each other are not behaviors that the media has created by itself. It is the likes of people that have affected media to follow the same. That too, varies from culture to culture. Some counties believe in open cultures while others observe closed culture where too much intimacy and involvement is not look upon as appropriate. People claim that the reference points for them are film and TV but actually it’s the way round- people, their cultures and genders influence upon the way they interact with the media. References: Buikema, R. , Tuin I. , (2008), â€Å"Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture†. Routledge Dines G. , McMahon J. , (2008), â€Å"Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Text-reader†. Sage Publications Gauntlett D. , (2002), â€Å"Media, Gender, and Identity: An Introduction†. Routledge Geertz, C. (1977). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books

Example of Bridgewater College Undergraduate Admission Essay

Example of Bridgewater College Undergraduate Admission Essay Free Online Research Papers Example Bridgewater College Undergraduate Admission Essay College to me is the key to a successful money making future and that’s what I want is to make money. I heard about Bridgewater College through the transfer program at BCC in Fall River Mass. I have been attending BCC since January, and I plan on taking summer courses so I will be caught up with a sophomore year of college.I am on a degree plan right now for Human Services but my mind is not made up yet. I really want to work with children in psychology but I also want to be a social worker. I think that’s why I have picked this major because I can branch off into many other fields. I have also drawn interest in our soccer program. I have played soccer my whole life and when I was looking at your college I noticed the team. I have already went to your web site and signed up there and I also received a package with booklets about your school and its programs. I believe your school can help me accomplish my goal in having a successful future. A personal accomplishment that I have over come was becoming a college student. Many people after graduation never get to experience the college life and they end up not ever going to school. I like school it’s the only way I know I will have a guaranteed successful future. Graduating was a great experience one I will never forget, but I am more excited about graduating college. That to me is a goal that I am seeking to full-fill and I am hoping it will be with your college. Research Papers on Example of Bridgewater College Undergraduate Admission EssayTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHip-Hop is ArtStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Spring and AutumnThe Hockey GameInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

James Oglethorpe and the Georgia Colony

James Oglethorpe and the Georgia Colony James Oglethorpe was one of the founders of the Georgia Colony. Born on December 22, 1696, he became well known as a soldier, politician, and social reformer.   Driven to the Soldier's Life Oglethorpe started his military career as a teenager when he joined in the fight against the Turks with the Holy Roman Empire. In 1717, he was aide-de-camp to Prince Eugene of Savoy and fought in the successful siege of Belgrade.   Years afterward when he helped found and colonize Georgia, he would serve as the general of its forces. In 1739, he was involved in the War of Jenkins Ear. He unsuccessfully attempted to take St. Augustine from the Spanish twice, though he was able to defeat a large counterattack by the Spanish. Back in England, Oglethorpe fought in the Jacobite rebellion in 1745 for which he was almost court-martialed due to his units lack of success. He tried to fight in the Seven Years War but was denied a commission by the British. Not to be left out, he took on a different name and fought with the Prussians in the war.   Long Political Career In 1722, Oglethorpe left his first military commission to join Parliament. He would serve in the House of Commons for the next 30 years. He was a fascinating social reformer, helping impressed sailors and investigating the terrible condition of debtors prisons. This last cause was especially important to him as a good friend died in such a prison.   He became a staunch opponent of slavery early in his career, a stance he would hold the rest of his life. Even though he was an elected member of parliament, he chose to accompany the first settlers to Georgia in 1732. While he traveled back some to England, he did not permanently return to England until 1743. It was only after the attempted court martial mentioned earlier that he lost his seat in Parliament in 1754.   Founding the Georgia Colony The idea for the founding of Georgia was to create a haven for Englands poor along with creating a buffer between the French and Spanish and the other English colonies. Thus in 1732, Georgia was founded. Oglethorpe was not only a member of its Board of Trustees but was also among its first settlers. He personally chose and founded Savannah as the first town. He took an unofficial role of the colonys governor and directed most decisions about the new colonys local administration and defense. The new settlers took to calling Oglethorpe Father. However, eventually, the colonists grew upset against his stern rule but also his stance against slavery which they felt put them at an economic disadvantage compared to the rest of the colonies. In addition, the costs associated with the new colony were questioned by the other trustees back in England.   By 1738, Oglethorpes duties were curtailed, and he was left with being the general of the combined Georgia and South Carolina forces. As previously discovered, he was deeply involved in the War of Jenkins Ear leading campaigns against the Spanish. When he failed to take St. Augustine, he went back to England never to return to the New World.   Elder Statesman and Champion of the Colonies Oglethorpe never wavered in his support for the rights of American colonists. He befriended many in England who also espoused their cause such as Samuel Johnson and Edmund Burke.  After the American Revolution when John Adams was sent to England as an ambassador, Oglethorpe met with him despite his advanced years. He died soon after this meeting at the age of 88.

MDCM part B Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MDCM part B - Case Study Example aper will discuss the recommended IT projects and compare the most suitable projects through using Portfolio Application Model Matrix which will be beneficial for MDCM. MDCM had confronted with several problems regarding IT and thus the company had prepared a list of IT projects which will be appropriate for improving the business performance. The objective of those IT projects is to increase value of the business and develop smooth information flow throughout the organization and lack of information was one of the major problems of MDCM. The following projects will be appropriate for MDCM in order to improve the profitability of business: It has been observed that different standards in information systems have resulted in increased contradiction and at times the projects intersect with each other. The lack of synchronization among different standards cause imperfect outcomes which in turn lead to inappropriate forecasts, scheduling problems and overfilled inventories among others. Thus, there was need to reduce the numerous different standards throughout the company. The Unify Methodology and Technical Standards aim for minimizing the projects cycles and inspire knowledge distribution within IT development groups. This initiative is vital for developing the ability of information technology systems in MDCM (Jeffery, M. & Norton, J. H., â€Å"Strategic IT Portfolio Management). Consolidation of data center and networks is made in order to reduce the expenses. In today’s business environment, meeting up to the competition and complying with the regulatory measures are the driving forces for organizations such as MDCM to shift company’s network to virtual private network (VPN). MDCM along with the subsidiary companies had almost 37 data centers and 19 distracted networks globally. Data consolidation will help MDCM to expand the business swiftness and also would align strategic IT structure with business requirements. It will be more reliable for MDCM to develop