Alzheimer s Disease A Progressive Degenerative Disease

Introduction Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain from which there is no recovery. There are three brain abnormalities that are the hallmarks of the Alzheimer’s disease is initially caused by plaques buildup in the brain’s neurons as illustrated in figure 1. The support structure that allows the flow of the nutrients through the neurons gets damaged and ultimately there is loss of connection among the neurons and they die off (National Institute of Health, 2015). This causes the brain tissue to shrinks, which is called atrophies. All this ultimately lead the victim of this disease to face difficulties in governing emotions, recognize errors and patterns, coordinate movement, and remember. Ultimately, a person with AD loses all memory and mental functioning. On November 26th 1901, Alois Alzheimer, an assistant physician at the psychiatric institution in Frankfurt met Auguste D, aged 51 (Berrios , 2004). After talking to her and carrying out the preliminary diagnostics, the physicist realized during talking to her that his patient was giving different answers to the same questions. She also often stopped mid-sentence as if she had forgotten what she was going to say. She seemed confused and anxious. When she died, Alzheimer received her brain for analysis. When he was inspecting the brain, he came to notice the neurons had thick, strongly staining fibrils. Moreover, the cortex was full of plaques of unknown composition. Auguste D’s brainShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive Degenerative Disease Of The Brain981 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that gradually destroys brain cells, affecting a person’s memory and their ability to learn, make judgments, communicate and carry ou t basic daily activities. The disease is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain. It was first described by the German neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1905 (Selkoe, 2016). The average life expectancy of an Alzheimers patient is between five and ten years, but some patients today have live for up to 15 years afterRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects1188 Words   |  5 Pages Alzheimer s disease is a cognitively degenerative disease with irreversible side effects. The disease was first discovered in 1901 by the late German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer while he was working with a fifty year old patient by the name of Auguste D. Since the disease s discovery, scientists, psychiatrist, and many other medical professionals have worked diligently to learn more about the disease s effects and potential treatments to hinder its rapid progression. Alzheimer s disease isRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Other Memory Disorders1101 Words   |  5 PagesKennedy Cooper Biotechnology 5th period What are scientists using to diagnose Alzheimer s Disease and other memory disorders early and why should they do so when there is still no cure for it?more Alzheimer s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. It is also the disease that took my grandfather. Since there is no cure and because of how late he was diagnosed, there was little the doctors could do for him. I personally noticed changes in my grandfatherRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia1427 Words   |  6 PagesDementia, known as one of the world s current pandemics, is estimated to be the fourth most common cause of death in the developed country, second only to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. With the aging population, dementia has gradually become a serious threat to the health of the elderly people in Australia. Alzheimer s disease is the most common form of dementia. 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All three of the most commonly diagnosed degenerative conditions within the geriatric population can have improved prognosis with early intervention. The earlier that these conditions can be identified and diagnosed, the more successful that these individuals will be overall when it comes to theirRead MoreMolecular And Cellular Mechanisms Of Toxicity And Cancer965 Words   |  4 Pageset al., 1997). A big number of epidemiologic studies relates the content of Aluminum in the drinking water with the increasing of the occurrences of neurological diseases. (Birchall et al., 1989) The Aluminum is accepted as a neurotoxic agent (Yokel, et al., 2000), and it has a relation with neurodegenerative diseases. Such as Alzheimer (Birchall et al., 1989). In animals used in researches, the first pathologic change is the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in large neurons, proximal axonsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Neurological Thief822 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease: The Neurological Thief Ashley E. Campbell Psychology 210 October 31, 2015 Malvereen Harris Alzheimer’s Disease: The Neurological Thief It is a wicked disease that slowly steals our loved ones memories, independence and eventually their lives. While no one knows the exact cause of Alzheimer’s Disease, it is the leading cause of dementia related deaths to date. It was first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, a German psychologist and neurologist. Alzheimer’s Disease is a neurologicalRead MoreConcussions Is A Progressive Disease Of The Brain1647 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, or CTE, is a progressive disease of the brain found in athletes who have a history of repeated brain trauma†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Harris) CTE is closely associated with Alzheimer’s, another gradual, deteriorating brain disease that destroys the individual’s ability to remember, make decisions, and eventually takes away the ability for people to complete every day functions. Alzheimer’s is usually diagnosed around the age of 65 or older as a result of brain cell failure. (Alzheimerâ⠂¬â„¢sRead MoreThe Shaking Palsy : Parkinson s Disease940 Words   |  4 PagesThe Shaking Palsy: Parkinson’s Disease Introduced by James Parkinson in his 1817 monograph â€Å"Essay on the Shaking Palsy,† Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neuro-degenerative disease identified after Alzheimer s disease. It is a progressive disorder in result of affected nerve cells in the brain. The disease progresses gradually taking several years moving from prodromal period into motor period, and the motor period may take up to twenty years. Symptoms of PD are mostly

“I just want to be someone, mean something to anyone, I...

â€Å"I just want to be someone, mean something to anyone, I want to be the real ME†, by Charlotte Eriksson. The quest of my journey is to discover my real purpose, my real goal but most importantly, find my real identity. This is known as the â€Å"Identity versus Role Confusion Stage† or as described by psychoanalyst Erik H. Erikson, the fifth stage of the Eight Stages of Man. It occurs between the ages of 12 to 18, where every person battles to establish a certain roll or skill that provides one with a sense of a sturdy foundation in the adult society. I too am currently going through this stage of life, dodging many obstacles in order to seek out my identity. The hardest obstacle- my attempt to fit in with my peers, but the extremes I took to†¦show more content†¦That there was the identity of Shikha Balani, an appellation chained to my name for years to come. Depressed as ever, I began opening my eyes to multiple ways of trying to gain happiness-the most effective: alcohol. My parents would keep the bar at home stacked up high for their grand parties and would never notice when some would go missing. The first sip I ever took was a little bitter but had a tangy after taste. It gave me sort of a rush, and I was promptly addicted. I felt carefree, not one trouble I had bothered me. My life finally had a sense of meaning, like I was someone who mattered and was not being compared to anyone else. It gave me a new identity. It quickly escalated from taking a drink every weekend, to requiring a drink every day before and after school. I would need at least one beer before I would even go to school, prepping me with a sense of confidence for the long day ahead. When I reached home, I would drink at least two to three beers to relax myself and not worry about anything else. My family was unaware of my drinking problem, as I had hid it perfectly. I paid keen attention to a group of people that would drink every weekend. Finally, I gathered up enough courage and decided to join them one day, to my surprise, I was finally accepted. We drank our hearts out, getting unquestionably intoxicated. It was just the cool thing to do, and I continuedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Fall Arrives 1723 Words   |  7 Pagesman with a protruding belly that strains the buttons of his faded, much-wrinkled shirt. He slowly drinks a cup of lukewarm coffee and looks up at the dark, overcast sky, â€Å"Looks like rain tod ay† he says. Knowing the streets of the city better than anyone, Max prefers to work on the east side around the old Elmhurst Cemetery. People don’t venture close to the cemetery claiming that they often see a young woman walking through it. Convinced she is a ghost looking for revenge, but this story never botherRead MoreLove And Love In Selena Gomezs Round And Round1183 Words   |  5 PagesFor many people, songs serve as a way to relieve stress and some even have a sentimental attachment to them. Certain songs trace Jane’s journey from Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, a story about the troubles a girl faces through her life. Selena Gomez’s song â€Å"Round and Round† has the thread of humanity’s desire for affection, which is something Jane is constantly searching. Green Day’s â€Å"Boulevard of Broken Dreams† contains the thread of isolation and wandering, a theme that plays an enormous role inRead MoreShort Story1499 W ords   |  6 PagesYou were a cute kid, I say aloud to him, smirking at his baffled expression. He was staring down at me with confusion, probably wondering what was happening and what the hell I was doing. I honestly dont even know what Im doing myself. Five, six... Im not cute now? He smiles crookedly. Even when hes nervous he remains cheeky and holding the upper hand. His eyes kept moving, glancing around my face. What was he looking for? Looking at? Im still undecided on that, I say, lying through myRead MoreReview Of Pride And Prejudice 2587 Words   |  11 Pagesgood friend Charlotte. This brings great chaos between Elizabeth and Mrs. Bennett, she is so mad that he asked Charlotte to marry him and she said yes. Then later, after Mr.Collins and Charlotte get married, Elizabeth goes to visit them. While she is visiting them they get invited to go to dine at Lady de Bourgh s house, where Lady de Bourgh peppers her with so many questions. While Elizabeth is there she runs into Mr. Darcy and later Mr. Darcy comes by the Collin s home a few times just to see ElizabethRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Fall Arrives 1849 Words   |  8 Pagesa stout, older man with a protruding belly that strains the buttons of his faded, much-wrinkled shirt. He slowly drinks a cup of lukewarm coffee singing â€Å"my mama told me you better shop around†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looks up at the sky at dark, overcast clouds, â€Å"Looks like rain today† he says. Max knows the streets of his hometown better than anyone around. He typically works on the east side of the city around the old Elmhurst Cemetery. Most people don’t venture close to the cemetery claiming that they often seeRead MoreThe Clash Between Physical And Inner Beauty In Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1352 Words   |  6 Pages Over the course of the story, Charlotte Bronte plays with the clash between physical and inner beauty. Jane calls herself as plain and little in parts the story. However, dissimilar from the stunning but shallow Blanche Ingram or Rosamund Oliver, Jane is a bold and thoughtful person whose simplicity lets her intermix to perceive those around her (by painting) and whose internal nature is far more captivating than anything else. Bronte incorporated her personal ideas about beauty and perception intoRead MoreLove and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice2117 Words   |  9 Pagesambition in life is to marry well. However, as Jane Austen illustrates in the form of Elizabeth, not all women in this period marry just for money, but as Elizabeth proves, some marry for love. Austen, through the image of Lizzy, projects her opinion on love and marriage: she is clearly a woman who believes in marrying for love and I expect that many of her personality traits are possessed by Lizzy, perhaps it is with this level of intimacy and openness that she has Read MoreTennessee Williams Research Paper2921 Words   |  12 Pagesto light; he brings yet another victim, Charlotte, to his problem of â€Å"laying young girls†. Charlotte Goodall is a sixteen-year old girl, who is on Shannon’s tour guide bus. Ms. Fellowes, another tour guide leader says to Shannon, â€Å"Couldn’t keep your hands off innocent, underage girls†¦,† Ms. Fellowes saying this validates the fact that Shannon has always been known for his corruption and seduction of younger girls (Tennessee, Iguana 51). As soon as Charlotte shares her inner feelings and is affectionateRead MoreJane Eyre, One of the Greatest Love Stories of All Time?2143 Words   |  9 Pageslove and a home, ‘I ask you to pass through life at my side- to be my second self, and best earthly companion,’ they are also ‘kindred spirits’ and although Rochester is Jane’s soc ial and economic superior, they are spiritually and intellectually equal, however after chapter 11, volume 2, Jane becomes Rochester’s moral superior. Jane searches not just for romantic love, but also for a sense of belonging and being valued. ‘To gain some real affection from you or Miss Temple†¦ I would willingly submitRead More The Role of Women in the Society Depicted by Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice3125 Words   |  13 Pagesmarriage in life to gain what they wanted. She does this by explaining to the reader about all of the necessities that a woman should have, explaining about the different opinions of the different characters in the novel, which are based on opinions of real people of that time. This gives us, the twenty-first century reader, an insight into the people, the lives and the attitudes of the time. The financial status of women is perhaps the most significant aspect. In ?Pride and Prejudice?, Jane Austen

Garvey vs. Du Bois - 1980 Words

The Common Difference’s of Elitism Vs. Nationalism The often fierce ideological exchanges between Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois are interesting, not as much because of the eloquence of their expression, as because of the fact that although outwardly contradictory, these ideologies were often unified at their foundation. This unity was not simply in terms of the broad and obvious intent to better the conditions of â€Å"black folk†, it was in terms of the very details that defined the trajectory and means of the advancement of blacks in America and all over the world. It is clear that the seeming ideological disunity between the Garvey and Du Bois perspectives only masked the commonalities that underpinned each of their approaches to†¦show more content†¦He authored Black Folk Then and Now, to shed light on the often untold history of Africans and the transatlantic slave trade and, in fact, died and was buried in Ghana where he was living by the personal invitation of Kwame Nkrumah. Equally impassioned by the cause for black rights in the international arena, Garvey’s work toward this end was reflected in the name and practice of his â€Å"Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities (Imperial) League†. Like Du Bois, Garvey spoke fervently on behalf of the interests of blacks both in the United States and internationally. It was the express mission of this organization to bring together the people of what Garvey called â€Å"the African race†. He too participated in the Pan-African Congresses a nd a cornerstone of his movement was â€Å"pride in the race’s African heritage.† This concept of the interconnectedness of blacks across the globe, with African heritage as their anchor, was a unifying aspect of Du Bois’ and Garvey’ ideologies. Here again, however, this fundamentally similar belief was overshadowed by more superficial ideological differences. Although loyal to Africa, Du Bois saw himself and blacks born in the United States as Americans, a contrast to Garvey who rejected this concept, defining his identity and allegiance first and foremost in terms of his blackness. Du Bois, on the one hand, regarded himself and blacks born in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedAssess the Significance of the Role of Individuals in Reducing Racial Discrimination in the Usa Throughout the Period 1877-1981.1995 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscrimination in the USA. Although without events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, WWII or the actions of the NACCP to change atti tudes towards African Americans, these individuals would have had little effect. The likes of Booker T Washington and Du Bois set the foundation for civil rights along with the Second World War; however other individuals such as Martin Luther King help to actively progress the movement. Along with this the government and various presidents more so in the latter of the periodRead MoreEssay about The Harlem Renaissance1582 Words   |  7 Pageswar African Americans had more opportunity and freedom since the men were soldiers of the civil war. Most African Americans had the plan to leave the south and move to up north because of the racism still lingering in the south, for example the Plessy vs. Ferguson Supreme Court case. This case was about a light-skin colored man sitting in the â€Å"white† car of a train. Although he was light-skin he was still considered black and got arrested for sitting in that section of the train. This was an opportunityRead MoreSuffrage of African A mericans in Red Summer written by Cameron McWhirter1113 Words   |  4 PagesGuinn vs. United States, which confronted the grandfather clause and white exemption. They also lead a lawsuit called Buchanan vs. Warley in 1917, â€Å"which found municipal racial segregation laws unconstitutional.† The NAACP also expanded and raised money for anti-lynching efforts and â€Å"successfully petitioned the city school system to allow blacks to teach in black schools for the first time.† The leaders of this organization played a role in fighting for blacks. A man named Marcus Garvey â€Å"establishedRead MoreAfrican Americans Of The Modern World And The Discovery Of North America Essay2069 Words   |  9 Pagesdemanded reform but only for the Caucasian race. Blacks endured harsh working conditions, received a poor salary, and were still discriminated. This led to activists to demand equality for those enduring harsh conditions in the workforce. W. E. B. Du Bois for example, in the Niagara Movement’s Declaration of Principles, encouraged African Americans to keep pursuing equality and defined what problems needed to be stopped (Shi, For the Record: A Documentary History of America, 121). In regards to employers

Descartes Who Are You - 1051 Words

The Brains SOCRATES: Where am I? Am I finally in heavenly realm? DESCARTES: Who are you? And where are we? SOCRATES: I am Socrates. The last thing I remember is taking hemlock and dying. DESCARTES: Are you for real? I must be dreaming†¦ On a shelf in the lab, lies two vats of formaldehyde, one containing the brain of Socrates, and the other containing the brain of Rene Descartes. The two brains are wired up to each other so that they can communicate with each other about their current situation. As for Socrates, he would wonder if he is finally in heavenly realm, sometimes called â€Å"Platonic Heaven† and I believe that he would be happy about his current situation, not having any senses, or bodily cravings and needs. Because separating†¦show more content†¦At the same time, I do understand that the brain is still the ‘physical’ part of the body, which makes Socrates not happy, but I still believe that he would at least not be upset, because even though the brain is part of the impure ‘body’, it does not have any senses or needs to distract Socrates from focusing on The Forms. And I am assuming that the brain must be dead, it cannot survive by itself without the other organs, which makes more sense that Socrates would be happy because he believed that the death is nothing but the separation of the body and the soul. As for Descartes, I think that he would not be happy because he cannot sense anything. He claimed that he is a ‘thinking thing’. He said, â€Å"A thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, and that also imagines and senses (Descartes, 20).† From here, we can see that he did not reject the role of the senses and that his senses are part of who he is. And I also think he would not be happy because even though Descartes would agree with Socrates that the body and the soul are two separate substances and that the body is easily deceived by the sense perceptions, and that pure knowledge is an attainable goal, but he didn’t necessarily claimed that it would be only after death, which Socrates did. Descartes believed that it is possible to erase all previously held beliefs and knowledge and let go of the influence of the body causing on our minds. And by doing this, we can pursue the realShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Descartes’ First Meditation Essay example1448 Words   |  6 Pages13th, 2012 An Analysis of Descartes’ First Meditation In Descartes’ First Meditation, Descartes’ overall intention is to present the idea that our perceptions and sensations are flawed and should not be trusted entirely. His purpose is to create the greatest possible doubt of our senses. To convey this thought, Descartes has three main arguments in the First Meditation: The dream argument, the deceiving God argument, and the evil demon â€Å"or evil genius†. Descartes’ dream argument argues thatRead MoreDescartes Proof of the Existence of God in Meditation Three Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes Proof of the Existence of God in Meditation Three This paper is intended to explain and evaluate Descartes proof for the existence of god in Meditation Three. It shall show the weaknesses in the proof, but also give credit to the strengths in his proof. It will give a background of what Descartes has already accepted as what he truly knows. The paper will also state Descartes two major points for the existence of God and why the points can easily be proven false. The paper willRead MoreDescartes Second Meditation732 Words   |  3 PagesDescartes Second Meditation In Descartes’ Second Meditation the key philosophical idea of â€Å"I think, therefore I am† is introduced and thus begins a new age in western philosophy. Some of the arguments Descartes provide in order to support his claims are that in order to doubt anything, you must be able to think and if you think, you exist. Descartes brings up the point that there may be no physical world, along with that thought comes the doubt of anything else being real, which againRead MoreDescartes Cosmological And Ontological Arguments Are Well1455 Words   |  6 Pages Descartes Cosmological and Ontological arguments are well organized and are perceived as valid. However, these arguments may be found valid only if we follow the rules of Descartes premises through deductive reasoning. The soundness of Descartes Ontological and Cosmological arguments are questioned in this paper as I argue against Descartes axioms. Descartes bases his proofs of God on specific propositions and his own claims of knowledge. The lack of proof behind his premises is why I cannot exceptRead MoreDescartes Meditation Iii1297 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy Descartes tries to prove the existence of God in the third meditation. He does this by coming up with several premises that eventually add up to a solid argument. First, I will explain why Descartes ask the question, does god exist? And why does Descartes think he needs such and argument at this point in the text. Secondly, I will explain, in detail, the arguments that Descartes makes and how he comes to the conclusion that God does exist. Next, I will debate some of Descartes premisesRead MoreJohn Locke And Rene Descartes Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesWho are you? What defines who you are? Why makes you who you are? What is your personal identity? Have you ever sat around pondering the meaning of life, or maybe just your life? Have you asked yourself any of these questions? What were your answers? These are questions that people have been trying to answer since the beginning of time, before me and you were ever born or thought of. People live their whole lives trying to figure out exactly who they are and what their purpose is in life. In theRead MoreEssay on Mediations of First Philosophy by Descartes1296 Words   |  6 PagesMediations of First Philosophy by Descartes In the â€Å"Mediations of First Philosophy† Descartes tries to prove the existence of God in the third meditation. He does this by coming up with several premises that eventually add up to a solid argument. First, I will explain why Descartes ask the question, does god exist? And why does Descartes think he needs such and argument at this point in the text. Secondly, I will explain, in detail, the arguments that Descartes makes and how he comes to the conclusionRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1712 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) contains six Meditations. In the first two of these Descartes addresses doubt and certainty. By the end of the second Meditation Descartes establishes the possibility of certainty by concluding that he is a â€Å"thinking thing† and that this is beyond doubt. Having established the possibility of certainty, Descartes attempts to prove the existence of God. The argument he present s in the Third Meditation for the existence of God has been nicknamed theRead MoreInnate Ideas Essay653 Words   |  3 Pagesin philosophy. Sometimes, these philosophers agree on ideas or sometimes they make their own assumptions. There are two philosophers who had different ideas concerning where innate ideas come from and how we get these types of ideas. Rene Descartes and John Locke were these two philosophers with the opposing argument on innate ideas. The place where Descartes discusses his views were in the Meditations on First Philosophy and Lockes argument is located in An Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingRead MoreDescartes Doubt And Crime1317 Words   |  6 Pages Descartes Re-visited Doubt and Crime Kirsten Besheer, in â€Å"Descartes’ Doubts: Physiology and the First Meditation,† makes the caution that â€Å"many commentators dismiss the First Meditation with a scant summary usually involving key words like ‘dreams’ and ‘doubt.’ This being the case, I am not surprised that the rest of the Meditations have remained opaque to them†(55). What Besheer is warning against, specifically, is an uncritical examination of Descartes. For, as the years continue to distant the

Mexican american women and oppression Free Essays

Mexican American women are facing a lot of problems including ethnicity racial discrimination and social inequalities like lack of medical and educational assistance. The paper produces a brief overview of women facing oppression in America and how did they response against it Introduction The make use of concrete examples will illustrate the major points of the article. Mothers, Mexican immigrant women who preserve their cultural honesty in all arenas, chiefly in the schools, are often anxious of anyone actually or seemingly connected to U. We will write a custom essay sample on Mexican american women and oppression or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. establishment. (Geiter, L. 2000). But, pedagogy of hope, based on Vygotskian main beliefs (as we shall see below), can establish a correlation amongst way of life, language, and cognition as the organization to understand the role of culture in arbitrate the program of information and thinker improvement. This arbitration through appropriate cultural symbols for the purpose of constructing educational knowledge (or via â€Å"assisted performance†) must translate instruction into pedagogical practices that permit migrant children to engage in their possess progress, to invest their own artistic and linguistic capital, and to go forward without unfairness. Accordingly, in spite of the inherent challenges and difficulties faced by ethnographers, serious ethnography with a Vygotskian outlook continues to be one of the most promising fields in the hands of educational researchers unswerving to the full improvement of immigrant children, because it is a latest avenue to create pedagogy of hope in actual lessons. (Geiter, L. 2000). The clearly pernicious consequences of working in damaging and oppressive environments influence women in the most grave period of their lives — all through childbearing age — and this, in turn, affects children and the entire family and Exposure to pesticides, hunger, tiring substantial activities, and high stress, coupled with lack of medical attention, consequences in serious chronic health troubles for Mexican families. Explanation Oppression faced by Mexican America and kinds of work they did Mexican American Women Farm workers in do not have medicinal insurance nor can they have enough money to pay health center’ fees and they resort to home therapy and prayer When they are laid off, they can use joblessness benefits, go on happiness, and receive medical assistance, but only if they are permissible inhabitants or American people. (Tomes, N. (2000) The women of the farm in US. Soil does have access to a small local hospital that helps with vaccinations, information, and recommendation they have not given the educational facilities. This health center, the US. Soil Community Health Center, has received not enough state support from the Health Department of the State of California. And according to a recent report from this clinic, US. Soil has a very giant youth population, with 38.5 percent of its total inhabitants less than nineteen years of age, and a very tiny older population of only 7.6 percent above sixty-five years of period. Life expectation in the US. Soil is minor though than that in urban areas. El Rocao’s economic index advises extreme poverty and malnutrition: 5.13 percent of all live delivery s are low weight, and 16.22 percent are delivery to Mexican women below nineteen years of age. Medical consideration for pregnant women is scarce and late; in 37 percent of the pregnancies, women did not have access to a medical doctor until after the first trimester; and newborn mortality (measured as the number of infants dead per one thousand exist delivery) is 6.76 (Health and Welfare Department of California, 1994). When we go to relations and walking around in El Rocao, one gets the impression that the Mexican women workers are always exhausted and that physical survival demands a great deal of vigor each day and inconsistently, the only time people rest is when they are out of labor, when they are sick, or when they are planning to travel to Mexico. (Geiter, L. 2000). Carmen is the archetype of the lots of young and uneducated women I interviewed: although in poor health — with arthritis, ear disease, allergic reactions to pesticides, at times bodily weak, and unable to obtain medical care — she is committed to carry on the struggle for a better life and she is decisive in her actions and passionate concerning her faiths. She chats concerning her parents (both worked in California as farm workers) with great respect as role models in the fields, parents who skilled her early in life the importance of functioning hard, never giving up, and by no means taking whatever thing from others. She claims the respect of the Americans with her distinguished behavior. She highlight to her four children, ages 6 to 16, the need to be accountable and importunate and the oldest and the two youngest are boys, and all three are measured exceptional in school; their scores in mathematics are amongst the highest in their module. The 12-year-old girl is chosen as mentally retarded and goes to special education classes at times with a giggle and at times in tears; Carmen explained incidents of racial intolerance and unfriendliness by U.S. schoolchildren and She is bitter concerning the insensitivity of some bosses at work; indeed, recent humiliations and abuse suffered at work still bring to the surface profound feelings of anger and indignity. In general, she is deeply sad that as a young mother she missed important intimate moments with her young children, such as not being able to embrace them when they were asking for friendliness, as she was always too busy or too exhausted and In protest, for many years, she refused to chat in English. Actually only recently has she decided to use English and to prepare for her nationality examination in order to stay in the United States. This is a major change in her life, but she thinks she will ultimately have dual nationality in Mexico and the United States what chase is an outline of Carmen’s narrative. (Geiter, L. 2000). Carmen’s narrative In fact her family started coming to the United States together as a family in 1961 (prior to that Carmen’s father had worked as a farm worker for quite a few years) her father was not comfortable transferring his children to the local schools since he recognize they would not be bothered of her. Then on Carmen was sent back to Mexico to acquire some schooling in Michoacan. Nevertheless, while there was plenty work in Articia (near Los Angeles, California), Carmen works at house. (Hall, J. M., Stevens, P. E., Meleis, A. I., 1994) Mexican American traveled Mexicans primary moved to Washington Territory in the 1860s, most of the family raising sheep’s in the valleys and they all were seeking for a good future tahts why they came to US. In the twentieth century, above all after the start of World War II,  Mexican refugees  from the Southwest and immigrants from Mexico, together with women, made up a great part of the labor strength that brought in Yakima County’s yield and In the last half of the twentieth century, Mexican American women unspecified prominent roles in society and in political principles.   (Hall, J. M., Stevens, P. E., Meleis, A. I., 1994) The passage was full of hardships and they moved along with families because family experienced horrendous hardship arriving in â€Å"bitterly cold weather. Oppression and transformation over different periods Due to the particular theory of the the activism, resistance, and politics generally exclude persona actions, like directing for the mexican language or for mexiccan speakers either in one’s home or one’s scociety, as explained by a lot of activists. Despite of, various thought provkers always tends to focus on a particular, citizen performances and activities like political nominatiuos   coutering, and demonstrations that occur in supreme arenas, unions, and political groups. (Hall, J. M., Stevens, P. E., Meleis, A. I., 1994) There were various era of oppression and cruelty on mexican american women as various case studies of the white feminist movement in the america and in the decade of   the 1960s there was a feelof the tensions, constraints, and struggles that was faces by women both in the New Left movement and in the human rights movement. The domination and rule of the Male in each of these sociopolitical reaction movements shared directly to the rise of a feminist movement among white women all through this time typical era.   It is a sense that, however, recent thought provokers are experiencing notions of activism and resistance in front and it is due to the fact of their particaular sole reliance on a very typical dominant arenas to define the site of politics. Information after many researches shows Mexican Americans women are leading a miserable life as on top of all immigrants have the lowest of the income per month and they have maximum shortage rates, highest concentration in the employment market most especially in blue collar/service grouping. According to some very fresh examination we can say that currently census fact and statistics can show numerous true fact and information that for Mexican American women as a whole and habitually not for separate their groups, but when separate groups are report Mexican Americans have the top working class characters and lowest living average and class of life standards.   (Hall, J. M., Stevens, P. E., Meleis, A. I., 1994) The struggle and the association with labor, Mexican Americana and Asian Americans has been bulwarks of vigor for recent advances and Up till now while the Democrat legislatures of California and Texas pass drivers authorize laws for undocumented immigrants, the Republican governors veto them, and the Republican dominated Congress moves the trouble countrywide. (Hammersley, M. 1992) Mexican American women has left no stone unturned to successful over come the situation faced, but it is also very vital and significant that they hear other equally real stories of victory. We can say virtually any Mexican American community these days there are men and women who have left behind the migrant river or other forms of poverty and built very flourishing and enviable lives. We know that Teachers should invite a number of those everyday women heroes who had worked a lot in this regard into their classrooms to share their experiences, or assign students to carry out oral olden times interviews in their personal and active communities. (Hammersley, M. 1992) If we see this analysis is a refreshing and critical examination of a patriarchal rite of passage into Mexicans heterosexual womanhood, an expression of Catholic popular religiosity, and a fiscally expensive cultural tradition in the midst of resist for ethnic self-definition. Third, a thought-provoking inspection of the internationally acclaimed novel and movie Like ‘Water for Chocolate invites the reader to deem a queer alternative to look at the metaphors that come into view when both culinary appetites and human enthusiasm are cooked in fire (Lewis, M. A., DeVellis, B. M., Sleath, 2002) To conceptualize the learning findings of Mexican American women we have situated the discussion within the perspective of cruelty and struggle adjacent to it that is in olden times ingrained in the U.S.-Mexico border region and inside it. Cruelty generally involves a systematic and inappropriate control of nation by those with more supremacy and for oppression to take place; a power-laden, unequal relationship must stay alive. (Lewis, M. A., DeVellis, B. M., Sleath, 2002) The individuals in this affiliation or health care encounter (Mexican women immigrants and U.S. health care providers) are uneven on the basis of personal power derived from assets, education, racial uniqueness, prestige, and other personal or national distinctiveness. By and large nature of unequal power in the relationship between the U.S. TB health care provider and the women sets up a struggle that extends beyond the LTBI diagnosis and suggestions for preventive treatment. It is also a struggle over the discrepancies of how the past (BCG) and present (LTBI) illness-prevention actions should be understood and reconciled, a struggle to identify causes and assess blame, a arguable effort to give partisan import to Mexico’s TB prevention program. (Lewis, M. A., DeVellis, B. M., Sleath, 2002) References Geiter, L. (2000). Ending neglect: The elimination of tuberculosis in the United States. Institute of Medicine Committee on the Elimination of Tuberculosis in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Hall, J. M., Stevens, P. E., Meleis, A. I. (1994). Marginalization: A guiding concept for valuing diversity in nursing knowledge improvement. Advances in Nursing Science, 16, 23 Hammersley, M. (1992). What’s wrong with ethnography? New York: Rutledge. Lewis, M. A., DeVellis, B. M., Sleath, B. (2002). Social influence and interpersonal communication in health behavior. In K. Glens, B. K. Rimer, F. M. Lewis (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 240-264). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Nevins, J. (2002). Operation Gatekeeper. New York: Rutledge Staudt, K., Coronado, I. (2002). Fronteras no mas: Toward social justice at the U.S-Mexico border. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Tomes, N. (2000). The making of a germ panic, then and now. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 191-198. How to cite Mexican american women and oppression, Essay examples

The Organization At Common Law Of Director - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: The question that needs analysis in relation to the given study is that whether the common law duties owed by the directors tocompanyalong with the statutory duties as provided by the Corporation Act 2001(Cth) have been violated by Juliette in relation to her actions. Answer: Issue The question that needs analysis in relation to the given study is that whether the common law duties owed by the directors to company along with the statutory duties as provided by the Corporation Act 2001(Cth) have been violated by Juliette in relation to her actions. Rules The directors of a company own a duty to the organization at common law as well as under the provisions of enacted legislations of the parliament. The legislation governing the actions of the directors operating within Australia is the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) According to the CA section 9 the duties provided by the Act is applicable on the directors and other officers of the company. In addition there is a fiduciary relationship of directors with the company[1]. At common law the duties of the directors include Duty to use the powers for a proper purpose Duty to retaining discretion Duty of acting in good faith towards the companys interest Duty to observe Skill, Care and Diligence in relation to their company Duty of avoiding conflict of interest The statutory duties of directors as provided through the relevant sections of the CA includes Section 180- Duty to observe Skill, Care and Diligence in relation to their company Section 181- Duty of acting in good faith towards the companys interest Section 182- Duty not to use position in an improper manner Section 182- Duty not to use information in an improper manner Section 191-194 Duty to make proper and timely disclosure Section 588G Duty not to indulge in Insolvent trading The directors have a statutory as well as a common law duty to act bona fide and towards a proper purpose for the company under Section 181. This means that when the powers are discharged by the directors it needs to be in good faith, in the best interest and for a proper purpose in relation to the company[2]. The question in relation to this duty had been discussed in the case of Re Smith v Fawcett[3]. In this case it had been ruled by the court the directors owe the duty to the company and the company may directly sue the directors in relation to the breach. The directors must have a genuine belief that they are acting in the best interest of the company. Whether the responsibility has been conducted properly is analyzed in an objective manner by applying the objective test. This means that a reasonable director is placed in the same position and it is analyzed that whether the same course of action would have been taken by him as provided in the case of Darvall v North Sydney Brick Tile Co[4]. The directors of the company have this duty towards the company as a whole as discussed in the case of Piercy Vs Mills Co[5]. The court also analyzes the purpose for which the power has been exercised by the director in order to analyze compliance with the duty as stated by the case of Society v Wheeler [1994] 12 ACLC 67. The directors have the duty to retain discretion in relation to their activity as provided in the case of Thorby v Goldberg [1964] 112 CLR 59. This means that the directors have to retain their discretion in relation to the power provided to them and cannot avoid the duty. They can however delegate their powers to others. In the case of Omnilab Media Pty Ltd v Digital Cimina Network Pty Ltd[6] the director was held liable of diverting a corporate opportunity which belongs to the company. Any director or officer of an organization has to use their power and discharge the responsibilities imposed on them by observing diligence and care which would have been done by a reasonable person if they were the directors of a company in the same situation or occupied the same position and had the same duty as the director in context as stated by the provisions of Section 180(1) of the CA[7]. In the case Re City Equitable Fire Insurance Co Ltd[8] it was provide by the court that there was although there was no finding in relation to the misconduct and negligence in the part of the directors, the court ruled that the directors may not exhibit high degree of diligence and care in relation to their duties, but they have to exhibit standards which a reasonable person would have done in the same situation. In the case of Daniels Ors v Anderson Ors[9] it was held by the court that the directors owe a common law duty of care to the company which is in compliance with the equitable duty of care. It was also ruled that even where the directors possess only a certain area of expertise it is their duty to represent the business more than their mere area of expertise. The business judgment rules as provided in Section 180(2) acts as a form of defence available to the directors of a company in relation to the breach of statutory or common law duties[10]. Harlowe Nominees P/L v Woodside (Lakes Entrance oil Co NL[11] applied the business judgement rule in Australia. The defence can be availed of the decision of the director was made in good faith and towards a proper purpose, they did nit gave any personal interest in the decision, they informed themselves about the decision taken by them and they have a rational belief that the decision taken by them is towards the best interest of the company. In the case of ASIC v Rich[12] it had been ruled by the court that the director who fails to or neglects a certain matter which would safeguard the interest of the company is the not in fact making a business judgement. As stated by Section 183 of the CA a director of the company may not use the information obtained from the other company for the benefit of any third party or himself. Application It has been provided in the given situation that the Sumo Ltd is a company which is registered in Australia and therefore its affairs would be governed by the provisions of the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) Juliette is one of the directors of the company and therefore would be subjected to the statutory duties and well as the common law duties of directors. The organization wants to expand the business and conducts surveys in relation to whether they should carry on manufacturing of Scottish tartan looking rugs and carpets or countrystyle timber floorings. Juliette has no expertise in relation to both the plans and therefore took little interest in the meeting conducted by the company in relation to the matter. She was busy in some other work and towards the end of the meeting provided a passionate speech in relation to the matter and made a vote in favor of rugs and carpet project. Although she had no knowledge about the matter the board of directors agreed with her as they presumed her to be correct. The board based on her decision ignored the fact there was little research conducted in the feasibility of Scottish tartan rugs and carpets. There are several areas of concern which have been identified in relation to the actions of Juliette. According to the provisions of the Re Smith case Juliette owes a duty to act in the best interest the company which if breached she can be sued by the company Sumo Ltd. Whether Juliette has breached the duty or not would be analyzed in an objective manner through comparing her actions with a reasonable director as per the Darvall case. In the give situation no reasonable director for the best interest and proper purpose of the company would have taken a decision without having herself informed about it appropriately, thus the common law duty of best interest as well as section 181 of the CA have been breached by Juliette. According to the provisions of the Piercy case Juliette has a duty towards Sumo as a whole. In addition it was the duty of Juliette to retain discretion under common law which she did not by not informing herself about the decision individually and thus she has beached this common law duty as per the Thorby case. Juliette had the duty to observe care and diligence towards her responsibilities in relation to the company which would have been done by a reasonable person in her position and the same situation under section 180(1) of the CA. However it is clear that she has not complied with the duty as a reasonable person would never take such a decision which could considerable affect the interest of the company without informing herself about the subject matter of the decision. In addition as per the provisions of Re City Equitable Fire Insurance Co Ltd it was the duty of Juliette to observe a reasonable degree of diligence and care towards her duties which would have been done by a reasonable person which she failed by not informing herself about the decision, not concentrating on the meeting and without any evidence selecting a proposal for the company. In the given situation it has also been provided that Juliette has resigned from Sumo and joined another company belonging to her brother. She used the information from the surveys conducted by Sumo and took a decision to go forward with manufacturing of countrystyle timber floorings. In the given situation she is libel to divert opportunity from her previous company to another as per the principles of Omnilab Media Pty Ltd case. In addition as she has used the information obtained from sumo to benefit the other company and therefore is also liable for the breach of section 183 of the CA. When it comes to defense provided under the business judgment rule as per section 180(2) of the CA it can be stated that Juliette will not be able to take the defense provided by the section. This is because she did not indulge in informed decision making, it can also be argued that she did it to benefit her brothers company and thus had personal interest , the judgment was not in good faith and proper purpose and she did not have rational belief that the decision was in the best interest of the company. Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded that Juliette has violated Duties under section 180(1), 181 and 183 of the CA along with similar duties under common law. Bibliography ASIC v Rich [2009] NSWSC1229 Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) Darvall v North Sydney Brick Tile Co [1989] 16 NSWLR 26. Harlowe Nominees P/L v Woodside (Lakes Entrance oil Co NL [1968] 121 CLR 483 niels Ors v Anderson Ors [1995] 13 ACLC 614 Omnilab Media Pty Ltd v Digital Cimina Network Pty Ltd [2011] FCAFC 166 Piercy Vs Mills Co [1920] 1 Ch 77 Re City Equitable Fire Insurance Co Ltd [1925] Ch 407 Re Smith v Fawcett Ltd [1942] 1 All ER 542 Society v Wheeler [1994] 12 ACLC 67. Thorby v Goldberg [1964] 112 CLR 59 [1] Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) at Section 9 [2] Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) at Section 181 [3] Ltd [1942] 1 All ER 542 [4] [1989] 16 NSWLR 26 [5] [1920] 1 Ch 77 [6] [2011] FCAFC 166 [7] Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) at Section 180(1) [8] [1925] Ch 407 [9] [1995] 13 ACLC 614 [10] Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) at Section 180(2) [11] [1968] 121 CLR 483 [12] [2009] NSWSC1229 [13] Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) at Section 183